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English and English Community

There is no denying that English is a useful language. The people who speak English today make up the ___31___speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese. Originally they were small tribes of people from northern Europe who ___32___ in England. Their languages became more and more__33___ to each other. Finally, the language had enough uniformity to be used by all speakers in England. The people were united into a speech community through their shared language.

Speech community is similar to other kinds of ___34___. The people who make up the community share common language. Often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood, a village, or a city.

More often they form a whole country. National boundaries. however, are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community. A speech community is any group of people who ___35___ the same language no matter where they happen to live.

We may say that anyone who speaks English   36   to the English speech community. For convenience, we may classify the speakers into two groups:one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers learn English as a second language for the ___37___ of education, commerce, and so on.

English serves as an alternative language in several areas of public activity for most nations in the world which employ it as an   38   second language. English has been adopted as the language of air traffic, commerce, as well as international diplomacy. Moreover, English is the___39___ of the majority of published materials in the world so that education has come to rely ___40___on an under- standing of English.

A. international	B. native	C. speak
D. belongs	E. purpose	F. language
G. communities	H. settled	I. similar
J. same	K. heavily	L. largest

As discovered by expedition scientists, Antarctica has not always been so cold as it is today, so has the Arctic.

• A、True
  
  

• B、False 
  
  

• C、Not Given
  
  

Task 1

16.Paragraph       ①      

17.Paragraph      ③        

18.Paragraph      ④    

19.Paragraph      ⑥                

20.Paragraph      ⑦     

A. Soot's Role in Climate Changes Above Oceans and Land

B. Observations of Warming in the Northern Hemisphere

C. Explanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by Soot

D. Black Soot in Snow and Icy Areas Leading to Climate Change

E. Black Soot Contributing to Global Warming

F. Greenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of Global Warming